Originally it was thought that the colossal fountain of soda spraying out of the bottle was caused by the caffeine in Coke. Using any more than seven Mentos mints is just a waste, according to these soda-soaked science enthusiasts. It truly is the perfect chemistry kit for kids who want to explore. Learn more about how plants work with this cool celery experiment! Conclusion: The conclusion is a brief summary of the main findings of the study and their implications. Figure 1(b) shows rough patches and nooks and crannies in the salt, which are also excellent growth sites. The uncertainty is approximately 10%. In this case, were changing the number of Mentos dropped into each bottle, so everything else has to stay the same. For example, it has been suggested that the higher viscosity of regular sodas as compared to diet sodas could inhibit the formation of the fountain in regular sodas, leading to shorter fountains. The Amazing Scientist Chemistry Kit is designed to get your young scientist interested in chemistry. Conclusion: The more mentos you put in a bottle of pop does not necessarily mean a larger explosion. In an experiment, you have two groups: an experimental group, and a control group. We found that the Diet CokeMint Mentos reaction lasted 3.8s, the Diet CokeFruit Mentos reaction lasted 3.6s, and the Diet CokeWint-o-Green reaction lasted 4.9s. These calculations are approximate, but are consistent with our results reported in Tables I and II. ), A tube the width of the Mentos. Science project. Webfeaturing the famous Diet Coke and Mentos experiment and knew its basic Further research yielded the following background information. What exactly happens when you mix Mentos and Coke? Does the flavor of Mentos affect the explosion? Carbonated sodas contain elevated levels of carbon dioxide under pressure. Let us know what you observed in your science experiment! This study began as a project for physics majors enrolled in a sophomore level physics lab course. In conclusion the hypothesis that the diet coke will have the greatest explosion because of the high level of CO2 gas contained in it was correct. State briefly what you tried, what were your results, and what you might do differently next time. So what really causes this phenomenon? What is the hypothesis for the Diet Coke and Mentos experiment? The intensity of the reaction was determined by measuring the mass of the bottle using a double pan balance before and after the reaction to determine the mass lost in the reaction and by measuring the horizontal distance traveled by the sodas spray. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14114-science-of-mentos-diet-coke-explosions-explained/. Part of the scientific method is making a prediction called a hypothesis. For example, cut the bottle top to increase the diameter an inch or more. The bottom line was that we needed to find a way to standardize the drop of those Mentos mints. He would like to know why does the shape and size of the mentos affect the outcome of the project. The Mentos candy gelatin and gum arabic create an energy that breaks the surface tension of the soda. Quantitative surface roughness measurements were made with a Digital Instruments contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) with Nanoscope III control electronics and a J type scanner with a 24m z range. students used this simple device to monitor the kinetics of The blend of Coke Zero and Mentos just works out the strongest. An impressive acid-base reaction can be generated by adding baking soda to Diet Coke. With everything you need to set up your own science lab anywhere, the Amazing Scientist Chemistry Kit is a fantastic introduction to the world of science. However, scientists are finding that theres more to this spectacular demonstration than meets the eye. Part of his assignment Is to ask a professional about his experiment. In Eq. WebThis product walks you through the scientific method using two different experiments: -- How different types of soda react when Mentos is added to them- How Coke reacts to Mentos vs. how it reacts to baking sodaStudents will make an observation, ask a question, create a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, record results, and write a conclusion. For the reaction between Diet Coke and the molecular sieve beads, the lower limit on the duration of this reaction was 12s, a much longer time than all of the other reactions. The hypothesis was that if unaltered mentos were dropped into coke, then they would create a more explosive reaction than any of the altered mentos. As the Mentos candy sinks in the bottle, the candy causes the production of more and more carbon dioxide bubbles, and the rising bubbles react with carbon dioxide that is still dissolved in the soda to cause more carbon dioxide to be freed and create even more bubbles, resulting in the eruption. Repeat steps 4-6 for Diet ", "Tribonucleation: A New Mechanism for Generating the Soda Geyser", "The problem with the Coke & Mentos experiment that few people know about", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soda_geyser&oldid=1149860252, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 21:58. A soda geyser is a reaction between a carbonated beverage, usually Diet Coke, and Mentos mints that causes the beverage to be expelled from its container. http://www.eepybird.com/featured-video/coke-and-mentos-featured-video/science-of-coke-mentos/, https://www.bravotv.com/top-chef/blogs/diet-coke-takes-longer-for-flight-attendants-to-serve-on-airplanes-bubbles#:~:text=Sugar%20both%20increases%20viscosity%20and,bubbles%20that%20pop%20much%20slower.%22&text=In%20the%20end%2C%20the%20total,out%20by%20a%20few%20seconds. 4). The independent variable to this experiment is the Mento because it could stand alone and it does not depend on. The average times were 0.7s for the Mentos, 1.0s for the rock salt and the Lifesavers, and 1.5s for the sand. In a sealed bottle of soda pop, the gas above the liquid in the bottle has a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide compared to the air we breathe. Easy Science for Kids. This conclusion is supported by our contact angle measurements showing a reduced contact angle for aspartame and water in contrast to pure water or sugar water (see Table IV). We report on an experimental study of the Diet Coke and Mentos reaction, and consider many aspects of the reaction, including the ingredients in the candy and soda, the roughness of the candy, the temperature of the soda, and the duration of the reaction. [20] In some cases, dissolved solids that increase the surface tension of water (such as sugars) also increase fountain heights. The seltzer water and tonic water trials were 1l bottles with 16g of Mint Mentos added; all other trials were 30g of solid material added to a 2l bottle of liquid. They also hypothesized that the rough surface of the Mentos can help break the strong polar attraction that water molecules have for each other by providing growth sites for the carbon dioxide, agreeing with scientists such as Lee Marek and Steve Spangler.2 Although they identified the prime ingredients, they did not sufficiently explain why those ingredients affect the explosion, nor did they provide direct proof of the roughness of the Mentosa tall order for an hour-long television program. This science kit seeks to challenge kids to solve problems in creative ways that will prepare them for future science classes and nurture their lifelong imagination. What happens when you put Mentos in soda? It should not introduce any new information, but rather summarize the key points made in the discussion section. The answer is a little more complicated than you might think. No matter which brand of soda you tested, the warm bottle probably produced the highest shooting geyser. What evidence did the team find that the reaction between the Mentos and soda was a physical change? The results for the trials with varying temperature are given in Table III. The colder the liquid, themoregas can be dissolved in that liquid. Decide who will do what, so you will be ready when its your turn. We used a video camera to measure the time it took for Mentos, rock salt, Wint-o-Green Lifesavers, and playground sand to fall through water from the top of the water line to the bottom of a clear 2l bottle. The colorful nature of this chemistry experiment kit introduces your child to basic concepts of volume, measurement and chemical reactions in a safe, no-mess way. Coke has a pH of 2.3 and it made intuitive sense that an acid-base reaction could explain the sudden explosion of sugar. American Crystallographic Association, Inc. AVS: Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces and Processing, www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/00000109, Paragliders' launch trajectory is universal, On the bifurcation behavior of a folded notebook page, Rosalind Franklin's X-ray photo of DNA as an undergraduate optical diffraction experiment, Introducing quantum mechanics through its historical roots: The hydrogen Rydberg atom viewed through the lens of the old quantum theory, The discovery of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis for sweetener recognition in coke drinks. Next, some thought that the pH of the liquid was responsible for the vigorous reaction. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-coke-mentos/. SEM images of playground sand acquired at a beam energy of 20kV and a spot size of 5.0nm. If you decide to create an account with us in the future, you will need to enable cookies before doing so. This makes the cleanup process after the experiment easier, and less gross, as nobody would want to be all covered in sugary goop, especially on a hot summer day! Science teachers found that Mentos candies had the same effect when dropped into a bottle of any carbonated soft drink. From after-school activities and science classroom activities to STEM club experiments, our website is one of the most trusted resources for fun, age-appropriate experiments for kids of all ages. Slight adjustments to the positioning of the spout on the bottle or small adjustments to the position of the bottle in the holder can cause the angle of the spray to change, which can affect the sprays range by several feet. Note that the contact angle for the aspartame and potassium benzoate solutions is less than the contact angle for pure water, indicating a decrease in the surface tension. Hypothesis: The larger the number of mentos, and the warmer the temperature of the soda, the higher the reaction will be. Primarily, the sugar, aspartame and potassium benzoate included in the candy shell reduce the work it takes to form bubbles in the soda, causing a rapid creation of carbon dioxide bubbles. We used a FEI Quanta 200 electron scanning microscope. This must been coined as the Pepsi Paradox. [1], Lee Marek and "Marek's Kid Scientists" performed the Diet Coke and Mentos experiment on the Late Show with David Letterman in 1999. Once the geyser stops, measure how much liquid is left inside. If the reaction occurs over a longer time, more mass can be lost with a smaller explosion. Alternatively, dispense the soda into a vase or pitcher. If youre not using the Geyser Tube, make sure to come up with your own method for dropping the Mentos into the soda exactly the same way each and every time. The scale bars represent the following lengths: (a) 2.0mm; (b) 100m, (c) 50m, and (d) 20m. WebFound the trial with soda and Mentos at Steve Spangler Science, with tutorial on how at make a huge explosion. Because Type IV nucleation sites (such as found on Mentos) allow the reaction to proceed with substantially lower activation energy, Mentos candies can appropriately be considered a catalyst of the process. You might want to have someone film the reaction for you so you can watch it again. Is there another way for the carbon dioxide to escape? All of our results seem to contradict the aforementioned Mythbusters experiment. [10][23][24] Because there usually are very few such pre-existing bubbles, the degassing process is slow. The lower magnification image of the Fruit Mentos has smooth patches in contrast to the lower magnification image of the Mint Mentos, but the candy coating is not uniform. [3][11][12] In March 2002, Steve Spangler, a science educator, did the demonstration on KUSA-TV, an NBC affiliate, in Denver, Colorado. Drop two Mentos into the second bottle and continue increasing the number until youve completed the experiment with all 10 bottles. Conclusion: The Diet Coke reacted to the Mentos, which means the hypothesis was correct. Does warm Diet Coke create a greater geyser explosion than cold Diet Coke does? The scientific method is an important way scientists make observations and come to conclusions. In the Mythbusters episode1 a Mint Mentos and a brightly colored Mentos were dropped into Diet Coke, and although the Mint Mentos caused the expected eruption, the brightly colored Mentos did almost nothing. There are two safe ways to warm the other bottle of soda. [2][10][23][24] When dissolved gas diffuses into bubbles that already exist in a liquid, it is called Type IV bubble nucleation. [1][14][17] Tonya Coffey, a physicist at Appalachian State University, suggested that aspartame in diet drinks lowers the surface tension in the water and causes a bigger reaction, but that caffeine does not accelerate the process. With 5 or 6 mentos the explosion went only 330 and 310 cm high. It really only takes a few minutes to setup the mentos and coke volcano experiment. To ensure accurate distance measurements and to extract other useful information, a video was made of the reactions, and marker flags were placed every half foot on the level ground, up to a distance of 25ft away from the bottle stand. The measured contact angles and minimum works for bubble formation are given in Table IV. Remember, when youre doing an experiment, you can only change one variable. The potassium benzoate also reduces the work of bubble formation, as shown by the reduced contact angle for water with added potassium benzoate (see Table IV). Figure 1(a) qualitatively demonstrates that the small cubic table salt grains have a high surface area to volume ratio, thus providing many growth sites for the carbon dioxide in the Diet Coke. View the Mentos Geyser Experiment here! Steve Spanglers Geyser Tube toy (optional . This chemistry science kit includes activities for solo and group experiments, making it a fantastic addition to your classroom or for fun at home. What is inside Mentos and Cola that reacts with each other causing the eruption? Drinks sweetened with aspartame, such as diet Coke or the diet tonic water, are more explosive than drinks sweetened with sugar (corn syrup), which is likely due to a reduction in the work required for bubble formation when aspartame is added. This easy at-home experiment is a great way to "see" science. As strange as it might sound, the Mentos Geyser Experiment never actually started out using Mentos chewy mints. [10] When the pressure is released from a soda bottle upon opening it, dissolved carbon dioxide can escape into any tiny bubble located within the beverage. Its also important that all of the test bottles are stored in the same place so that the liquid in each bottle is the same temperature. Heres the question we came up with: In an experiment popularized online, what candy creates an explosive geyser when dropped into a 2-liter Diet Coke bottle? These ready-made bubbles (which are nucleation sites) exist in things such as tiny fibers or non-wettable crevices on the sides of the bottle. During the commercial break, I told Kim what was going to happen and reminded her to pull her hand out of the way of the erupting geyser and to run backward. What is the independent variable in Coke and Mentos experiment? The Diet Now its time to actually run the experiment,but first,we need to make a hypothesis. The answer is a process called nucleation (Grobe & Voltz, n.d.). Does one brand produce higher geysers? This will help you make an informed guess as to what will happen. ", "Orchestrated Chaos: A Mentos Tribute to Eepybird.com", About.com Chemistry page with instructions, "Watch Scientists Conduct the Mentos and Diet Coke Experiment at 14,000 Feet", "Diet Coke and Mentos: What is really behind this physical reaction? [20] It has also been demonstrated that addition of certain concentrations of alcohol (which lowers surface tension) to carbonated beverages decreases fountain heights. The Mythbusters team did a wonderful job of identifying the basic ingredients in this reaction. As the Mentos candy sinks in the bottle, the candy causes the production of more and more carbon dioxide bubbles, and the rising bubbles react with carbon dioxide that is still dissolved in the soda to cause more carbon dioxide to be freed and create even more bubbles, resulting in the eruption. When the gum arabic was injected at the bottom of the bottle, 100g of mass was lost. When you open the container, the bubbles quickly rise to the top, pushing the liquid out of the way, so liquid sprays everywhere. Some helpful comments were made by the anonymous referees. WebWhen Mentos candies are dropped into a bottle of Diet Coke, a foamy fountain jets out of the beverage container. Then, observe, record and report the results. The diet coke erupted like a volcano. This low temperature allows the maximum amount of carbon dioxide to dissolve into the soda, keeping the carbonation levels as high as possible. Stir up some enthusiasm for experimentation with this candy-cracking science experiment! Tonya Shea Coffey; Diet Coke and Mentos: What is really behind this physical reaction?. Quantitative Observation What is the dependent variable in Coke and Mentos experiment? What effect does temperature have on the height of the geyser? This, in turn, allows the soda to form smaller bubbles that can retain its structure for longer due to the reduced surface area of the bubble. The independent variable to this experiment is the Mento because it could stand alone and it does not depend on. Spurting Science: Erupting Diet Coke with Mentos. Mentos and Coke Experiment How to Do It! How can I download Tekken 7 on Windows 7? Based on these SEM images and our inability to image the samples in the AFM due to the limits on our z range, we assume that these samples have a roughness greater than those reported in Table V. Although these samples are rough, the fall times through the bottle, the duration of the reaction, and the lack of a surfactant contributed to a less impressive eruption for these samples. Never use a stove or a microwave to heat a bottle of soda. If you want to examine the volume of the geyser, note the volume of a full bottle of soda before you drop the Mentos into it. How many protons and electrons are present in Ba2+? Regular soda becomes a sticky mess because it contains sugar, while diet soda uses artificial sweeteners instead of sugar, so its not as sticky. WebKids TV Yenu and Sanu is home to gaining knowledge & entertain toddlers. In this experiment, you will evaluate whether or not a diet that is supplemented with "brain-enhancing" foods can help improve memory. The Mythbusters correctly identified potassium benzoate and aspartame as key ingredients in the Diet CokeMentos reaction. (2019, December 18). Overall I expect the Pepsi and Mentos to create a fountain like reaction. We found that the max amount of mentos with the As they say, the simplest design usually turns out to be the best and most elegant solution to the problem. The scale bar for (a) is 100m and for (b) is 20m. Most importantly, the author would like to thank the students of PHY2210 for their hard work and great ideas, including Will Beuttell, Jason Burch, Blake Clark, Robert Duke, Jama Greene, A.J. Do they make motorcycle helmets for kids? Of these three highly eruptive reactions, the Wint-o-Green reaction lasted the longest and lost a comparable amount of mass to the others, but traveled a much shorter distance than the Fruit and Mint Mentos reactions. How Does Diet Affect Your Body Temperature? This increase moves the system away from the equilibrium condition for that molar concentration of the gas. What is the hypothesis of Mentos and soda? This experiment can be visually displayed with photos or videos of the event and a graph of the tables results. While I had performed variations of the Mentos Geyser Experiment on television many times from 2001 to 2004, my performance of the demo in the backyard of Denvers NBC affiliate KUSA-TV in September of 2005 proved to be the tipping point. We showed the importance of sample roughness by comparing SEM and AFM images of the samples to the explosive power of the reaction. Finally, we have shown that hotter beverages result in a more explosive reaction. The Mentos And Coke Volcano Experiment. Its time to return to your launching site. The sugar reduces the contact angle more than pure water and causes more mass to be lost from the seltzer during the reaction, but more mass is lost by the beverages with potassium benzoate and aspartame. This must been coined as the Pepsi Paradox. And its a great way to learn about chemical reactions. This is why bottling plants pump carbon dioxide into the cans or bottles when the fluid is just above freezing, usually around 35 degrees Fahrenheit. Thank you so much. Monday Friday Enough mass was deposited by the Hawaiian hot spot to form the islands, but the eruptions were comparatively gentle.) Fueled by hundreds of blogs and popular online sharing sites like YouTube, this once obscure reaction quickly became a sensational hands-on learning activity for young scientists. Average mass lost during the reaction. The Diet Coke and Mentos reaction is a popular experiment or demonstration in part because it inspires students to wonder, and inquiry-driven labs and active-learning demonstrations on this reaction have been implemented. The bubbles of gas get larger and as they are lighter than the cola liquid, they quickly shoot to the top of the bottle. The video was titled Extreme Diet Coke & Mentos Experiments. What is the independent variable in the Mentos and Diet Coke experiment? The average distance traveled by the sodas spray during the explosion is given in Table II. This means that there is a whole lot of carbon dioxide gas just waiting to escape the liquid in the form of bubbles. If the growth of carbon dioxide bubbles on the sample takes place at the bottom of the bottle, then the bubbles formed will detach from the sample and rise up the bottle.
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