similarities of developed and developing countries

Developed nations. The starting point of analysis is year 1920, in the aftermath of the First World War. Nilsson, M., Griggs, D., & Visbeck, M. (2016). 2006/15. Results aggregated to the three United Nations development categories (More, Less and Least developed) show very similar patterns as for income groups. High-income developing countries have now even more telephones per 1000 persons than an average benchmark country (Fig. Eurostat. 2, Apr/Jun 2009, pp.123-31. (2019). All four countries are located in the subregion of Melanesia. The lag in life expectancy was also reduced by two-thirds, with progress more evenly spread throughout the century, though progress in the infant survival rate was small. Country boundaries from EuroGeographics (Eurostat 2019), Robinson projection, Time lags (inverted scale) for developing countries by SDG region per indicator, population-weighted without uncertainty bounds. Cambridge, MS: Harvard University Press. The concept of universal primary education spread slowly in the developed world, but was implemented at a faster pace in the developing world. Firstly, random variables \(X_{t}\), \(X_{t - 1}\) and \(X_{t + 1}\) are derived from the nine indicators involved, using a dataset combining the data for the benchmark and developing countries, the latter without interpolations. 7. Decancq, K., Decoster, A., & Schokkaert, E. (2009). Total population, benchmark countries: 18001949: Maddison (2010) and national statistical institutes; 19502019: World Prospects: the 2019 revision, except for United States, which is from the US Census Bureau; 20202100: projections from the World Population Prospects: the 2019 revision. Raw values of development indicators. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Since 1980, those countries havent converged further with the benchmark, but it was rather lower-middle income countries (mostly in Southern Asia) that cut their time lag by almost half. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/. (2015). Southern Europe is a diversified region, with good progress of Malta, Portugal and Greece. International convergence or higher inequality in human development? Although Sweden has the highest income tax rate in the world, the country is also known for having a high quality of life and a low unemployment rate of roughly 8.7% in 2021. (2018). "1 USD to CAD - Convert US Dollars to Canadian Dollars. For instance, Sustainable Development Goal 10 is to reduce inequality within and among countries (United Nations 2018a). "About Renewable Energy. Despite having the world's second-largest economy and the largest military, China is still not classified as a developed country by the criteria of most organizations. Comin, D., Hobijn, B., & Rovito, E. (2008). Gas Explosion: What Caused the 2021 UK Energy Crisis? This contrasts heavily with South Korea, which achieved more reduction in the lag than any other country, by 71years. Alkema, L., Raftery, A. E., Gerland, P., Clark, S. J., Pelletier, F., Buettner, T., et al. The U.S. is both the largest goods importer and the second-largest exporter, making it the world's largest trading nation. ", The World Bank. Another goal, SDG 9.2, has a target of doubling the industrial share of employment in the least developed countries between 2015 and 2030. As a starting point of country selection, ISO 3166 standard (International Organization for Standardization 2019) was used to identify 249 countries and territories, with one additional territory (Kosovo) added from the databases of the World Bank (2019). Their birth and death rates are stable. That is because life expectancy in developing countries reached levels of developed countries at the time when communicable diseases had no longer a significant impact on mortality. "Poverty. Due to the amount of territories involved, the use of country-specific sources was limited. All Germans must belong to a not-for-profit sickness fund that covers most necessary medical procedures and medications. Puig A, Pagn and JA, Wong R. "Assessing Quality Across Healthcare Subsystems in Mexico." Data collection efforts have been extensive, but the dataset of indicators is not free of missing information. "Swedish Healthcare is Largely Tax-Funded. Measuring Central and Eastern Europes socio-economic development using time lags. , Syed Hasan The substantial decline in the lag in the CO2 emissions index further highlights the fast-moving economic transition of the region. , No Comment, November 4, 2022 They do not have very high birth rates because, thanks to quality medical care and high living standards, infant mortality rates are low. As expected . Using the example of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8.1 and 9.2, it shows how unrealistic those targets might be, by putting them into a historical context. Considering Colombia's Emerging Market Economy, Unemployment Rates: The Highest and Lowest in the World. Either a more recent review or a less restrictive selection would not have reached this conclusion. Clio Infra. (2005). ", Government of Canada. Life expectancy in 2020 was an impressive 83 years since birth. "A Tale of Two Surplus Countries: China and Germany: Abstract. Statistics Iceland. About two-thirds of the country's GDP is derived from exports of electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, processed foods, and other goods. Global inequality in well-being dimensions. The Republic of Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority country and Southeast Asia's largest economy. However, by the year's end, the country had regained it's surplus economy. Poverty, emergence, boom and affluence: a new classification of economies, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9436514, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0040-5, https://www.economist.com/theamericas/2016/02/13/an-augean-stable, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104699, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001, http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2012.08.004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2019.04.022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-008-9035-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.12.006, https://www.acea.be/statistics/tag/category/vehicles-in-use, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2017.04.005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.10.039, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2007.10.005, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/DEBT/1, https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/GDD, https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html, http://www.oica.net/category/vehicles-in-use/, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0588-8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00532.x, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.05.006, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-3131.2008.00090.x, www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_02-2010.xls, http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata.html, https://www.fertilitydata.org/cgi-bin/index.php, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.031, https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903033280, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/959251468176687085/pdf/wps6259.pdf, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/work/200801_convergence.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0991-9, https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.30.27, https://www.ekh.lu.se/en/research/economic-history-data/shna, https://www.statice.is/statistics/economy/national-accounts/gross-domestic-product/, https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/cid/publications/faculty-working-papers/india-gdp-overestimate, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/, https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators, https://www.conference-board.org/pdf_free/workingpapers/EPWP1401.pdf. 354, Harvard University. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(3), 317. Trends in time lags have shown narrow convergence, but with large variation between indicators, and in time and space. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722334116. in eastern Europe (postwar reconstruction) and Western Asia (beginning of large-scale oil production). industrial share of labor or economy, gender inequality in labor or education, income inequality). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (2019). (2011). However, much of the catch-up has occurred between the 1950s and 1970s, with recent small reductions in the time lags driven mostly by the introduction of mobile phones, which cut most of the distance in telephone usage to the benchmark countries. ", Water.org. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries levels of social and economic development. All developing countries were located in either Africa, Asia, or Latin America and the Caribbean. Several factors contribute to all of these metrics, including lack of clean water; limited access to adequate healthcare, particularly in rural areas; abysmal housing conditions in many regions; and substandard diets. As in the other aforementioned regions, passenger car usage is steadily falling behind the benchmark countries, while the consistent increase in the lag in telephone usage was only reversed by the introduction of mobile telephony. There are two main concepts of convergence. Indicator-average time lag was 38years in 1920 and projected to be 19years in 2020. Baarsch, F., Granadillos, J. R., Hare, W., Knaus, M., Krapp, M., Schaeffer, M., et al. The paper draws conclusions in Sect. Korea [Former]: North Korea, South Korea. In the end, only four such territories were included in the analysis (Hong Kong, Kosovo, Puerto Rico and Taiwan). Those lags remained at a similar level since the convergence in income and non-agricultural labor share really started. ", World Economic Forum. ", Government of Ireland. Broadberry, S., Campbell, B. M. S., & van Leeuwen, B. The final indicator, CO2 emissions index, represents the progress in transition from low-emission to high-emission economies and back. Still, some common patterns are visible. For example, if two countries have approximately the same GNI per capita but wildly different HDI scores, then it stands to reason that these disparities could stem from policies regarding life expectancy, educational attainment, or another factor unrelated to economic health. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. The Central and East European population since 1850. "Countries & Regions. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024736308509. The country's average life expectancy was above average at 79 years, while its infant mortality rate was a fairly high seven per 1,000 live births. Very low unemployment rates. Historical statistics of the world economy: 12008 AD [Data file]. However, catch-up with the benchmark countries was largely achieved until around year 1970. Paprotny (2016) expanded the analysis to central and eastern European countries and added employment in agriculture as an indicator of the modernity of the economy. Wu, H. X. ", Australian Government: Department of Health. ", 2023 Index of Economic Freedom. High-income countries were continuously not far behind the benchmark throughout the whole century. The European economy 19141990. 46-47. Sustainable development report 2019. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Yugoslavia [Former]: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia. Vikki Velasquez is a researcher and writer who has managed, coordinated, and directed various community and nonprofit organizations. The Kingdom of Belgium has a life satisfaction rating of 6.5. In most general terms, the developing world has cut its distance to an average benchmark country by a quarter in the past century (Sect. . The United Kingdom is a developed country. The benchmark group couldnt be assessed this way. Solow, R. M. (1956). According to the OECD, the Netherlands fares well in providing its citizens with the tools necessary to build a high quality of life. Demography, 48(3), 815839. ", Moody's Analytics. Both developing and developed countries experience similarities and differences in their economy, society and environment. ", Confronting Poverty. The 7% growth threshold was only surpassed by Japan in the postwar reconstruction years (7.8% on average between 1946 and 1961). "United Kingdom. Results for the developing world as a whole indicate moderate catch-up to the benchmark countries in the century since 1920 (Fig. Morales-Npoles, O., Paprotny, D., Worm, D., Abspoel-Bukman, L., & Courage, W. (2017). For instance, the World Bank announced in 2016 that it would no longer be distinguishing between developing countries and developed countries, due to the terms no longer being considered relevant. Its infant mortality rate is four per 1,000, while life expectancy is 71 years since birth. As a result, the time series for the benchmark countries cover three . Revista de Administrao de Empresas, vol. Of this total, 15 countries are considered "developed," nine are considered "developing," and one is considered "in transition.". Latin America and the Caribbean is characterized by moderate progress in all indicators except passenger car usage, with the average lag cut from 52 to 41years. "World Economic Situation and Prospects 2023," Page 118. The only periods of convergence, considering the developing world together, could be connected with diffusion of important technological advancements. ", Eurostat. Where possible, the data was interpolated linearly between available records. However, it can help setting more realistic and measurable goals, as few countries are on track to reach more than a handful of SDGs (Sachs et al. The study then incorporates short-term projections up to year 2020 in order to round off a full century. Russia is borderline at best on most developed-country metrics. Relatively few indicators have been calculated commonly enough to provide a global long-term outlook.
Prime Meridian Capital Management, Articles S